My Musing
This week’s midrash is a variation in the theme of the ‘choseness’ of Israel. And as we approach the festival of Shavuot, we are reminded of the midrash that teaches that God offered the Torah to all the other nations. Here, the idea is that God did create the other nations but Israel is special.
מדרש תנחומא (ורשא) פרשת במדבר סימן ה
(במדבר א: א- ב) "וַיְדַבֵּר יְדֹוָד אֶל מֹשֶׁה בְּמִדְבַּר סִינַי בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד בְּאֶחָד לַחֹדֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי בַּשָּׁנָה הַשֵּׁנִית לְצֵאתָם מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם לֵאמֹר. שְׂאוּ אֶת רֹאשׁ כָּל עֲדַת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמוֹת כָּל זָכָר לְגֻלְגְּלֹתָם"
“And the LORD spoke unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the tent of meeting, on the first day of the second month, in the second year after they were come out of the land of Egypt, saying:
'Take the sum of all the congregation of the children of Israel, by their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of names, every male, by their polls;”
זה שאמר הכתוב (תהלים קמז:כ) "לֹא עָשָׂה כֵן לְכָל גּוֹי וּמִשְׁפָּטִים בַּל יְדָעוּם הַלְלוּ יָהּ"
This is what the scripture said, "He hath not dealt so with any nation; and as for His ordinances, they have not known them. Hallelujah.
משל למלך שנשא אשה ראשונה; לא כתב לה כתובה. גרשה, לא כתב לה גט. וכן לשניה, וכן לשלישית. לזמן, ראה עניה אחת, יתומה בת טובים, צנועה במעשיה, וכשרה. בקש לישא אותה. אמר לשושבינו, 'זו אני רוצה לישא, ואיני נוהג בה כראשונות. זו בת מלכים, צנועה במעשיה, וכשרה היא. אכתוב לה כתובה, באיזה יום, באיזה שנה, באיזו חדש, בכמה לחדש, באיזו אפטיא. כשם שכתוב באסתר (אסתר ב:טז) "וַתִּלָּקַח אֶסְתֵּר אֶל הַמֶּלֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ אֶל בֵּית מַלְכוּתוֹ בַּחֹדֶשׁ הָעֲשִׂירִי הוּא חֹדֶשׁ טֵבֵת בִּשְׁנַת שֶׁבַע לְמַלְכוּתוֹ"
This is analogous to a king who marries his first wife; he does not write a ketubah, marriage contract. When he divorces her he does not write a get, a religious write of divorce. And so he does with the second and third wives. After a while, he sees a poor girl, an orphan the daughter of fine people, modest and proper. He asks to marry her. He says to his concierge, 'this one I want to marry and I will not treat her like the first wives. She is the daughter of kings, modest in her manners and proper. I will write her a marriage contract, including the specifics of what day, year, month and place. Just as it is written in Esther, "So Esther was taken unto king Ahasuerus into his house royal in the tenth month, which is the month Tebeth, in the seventh year of his reign."
ברא הקדוש ברוך הוא לדור המבול ולדור הפלגה ולסדומיים ולמצרים ולא כתב אימתי בראם, ואימתי העבירם. אלא (בראשית ז:יא) "בִּשְׁנַת שֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה לְחַיֵּי נֹחַ בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי בְּשִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר יוֹם לַחֹדֶשׁ בַּיּוֹם הַזֶּה נִבְקְעוּ כָּל מַעְיְנֹת תְּהוֹם רַבָּה וַאֲרֻבֹּת הַשָּׁמַיִם נִפְתָּחוּ" וכן לדור הפלגה ולסדומים ולמצרים.
The Holy One, blessed be He, created the generation of the flood and the generation of the splitting of the great dispersion (tower of Babel) and He did not write when he created them nor when he transferred them. Rather, "In the six hundredth year of Noah's life, in the second month, on the seventeenth day of the month, on the same day were all the fountains of the great deep broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened." And so it was for the generation of the dispersion, the people of Sodom, and the Egyptians.
כיון שעמדו ישראל אמר ליה הקדוש ברוך הוא למשה, 'איני נוהג בהם כבראשונים; שאלו בני אברהם, יצחק, ויעקב. לכך כתוב באיזה חדש, בכמה לחדש, באיזה יום, באיזה שבוע, באיזה אפטיא, באיזה מדינה. רוממתי קרנם וכתבתי להם. תלוי ראש לכך נאמר, "וַיְדַבֵּר יְדֹוָד אֶל מֹשֶׁה בְּמִדְבַּר סִינַי" הרי הפרכיא, "בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד" הרי המדינה, "בְּאֶחָד לַחֹדֶשׁ" הרי יום, "בַּשָּׁנָה הַשֵּׁנִית" הרי שנה, באיזה חדש "לַחֹדֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי", הרי נכתבה אפטיא שלהן. למה "שְׂאוּ אֶת רֹאשׁ"? לקיים מה שנאמר "לֹא עָשָׂה כֵן לְכָל גּוֹי וּמִשְׁפָּטִים בַּל יְדָעוּם הַלְלוּ יָהּ"
Since Israel stood, said the Holy One, blessed be He to Moshe, "I will not treat you like the first ones, that these are the children of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. Therefore it is written which month, what day of the month, on what day, in which week, in which place, in which country. I raised their horn and wrote to them. Hang their heads, therefore it says "And the LORD spoke unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai", that is the , "in the tent of meeting" is the state, "in the first of the month" is the day, "in the second year" , the year, and in what month the second month, behold the was written. Why "raise the head" to fulfill what was said, ", "He hath not dealt so with any nation; and as for His ordinances, they have not known them. Hallelujah."
ומה עשה? הרים ראשם, שנאמר,(תהלים קמח:יד) "וַיָּרֶם קֶרֶן לְעַמּוֹ תְּהִלָּה לְכָל חֲסִידָיו לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל עַם קְרֹבוֹ הַלְלוּ יָהּ"
And what did He do? He raised them up as it says, "And He hath lifted up a horn for His people, a praise for all His saints, even for the children of Israel, a people near unto Him. Hallelujah.
יום שישי, 27 במאי 2011
יום שישי, 20 במאי 2011
בחקותי Bechukotai
My Musing
Very early on, human sacrifice was outlawed by the Torah. Yet the idea of consecrating yourself, giving of your value to God or the Holy precinct, seems to be an inborn need. The idea of Erechin, giving the monetary value of a living being to the Holy service, addresses this need. In a classic approach of the later Tanhum midrashim, this week’s selection, the last midrash on Vayikra, uses the lesson of Erechin to once more establish the Jewish people as unique and deserved.
מדרש תנחומא (ורשא) פרשת בחוקותי סימן וVery early on, human sacrifice was outlawed by the Torah. Yet the idea of consecrating yourself, giving of your value to God or the Holy precinct, seems to be an inborn need. The idea of Erechin, giving the monetary value of a living being to the Holy service, addresses this need. In a classic approach of the later Tanhum midrashim, this week’s selection, the last midrash on Vayikra, uses the lesson of Erechin to once more establish the Jewish people as unique and deserved.
(ויקרא כז:ב) "דַּבֵּר אֶל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָמַרְתָּ אֲלֵהֶם אִישׁ כִּי יַפְלִא נֶדֶר בְּעֶרְכְּךָ נְפָשֹׁת לַידֹוָד"
Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them: When a man shall clearly utter a vow of persons unto the LORD, according to thy valuation,
דבר אחר " אִישׁ כִּי יַפְלִא נֶדֶר", אף העובד כוכבים ומזלות אומרים (מיכה ו:ו- ז) "בַּמָּה אֲקַדֵּם יְדֹוָד אִכַּף לֵאלֹקֵי מָרוֹם, הַאֲקַדְּמֶנּוּ בְעוֹלוֹת בַּעֲגָלִים בְּנֵי שָׁנָה? הֲיִרְצֶה יְדֹוָד בְּאַלְפֵי אֵילִים בְּרִבְבוֹת נַחֲלֵי שָׁמֶן הַאֶתֵּן בְּכוֹרִי פִּשְׁעִי פְּרִי בִטְנִי חַטַּאת נַפְשִׁי"
Another idea, “When a man shall clearly utter a vow”, even the idolaters say, “'Wherewith shall I come before the LORD, and bow myself before God on high? Shall I come before Him with burnt-offerings, with calves of a year old?
Will the LORD be pleased with thousands of rams, with ten thousands of rivers of oil? Shall I give my first-born for my transgression, the fruit of my body for the sin of my soul?'
The Holy One, blessed be He, says to them, ‘Idolaters, your children you desire to offer before Me? I do not request, not your children, and not your offerings. Rather, to My children I gave the portion of sacrifices and the laws of valuations and dedications, because their offerings are dear to me. And so it says, “Better is a little that the righteous hath than the abundance of many wicked.
Know that the beginning of the book of Leviticus , “Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them: When any man of you bringeth an offering unto the LORD, ye shall bring your offering of the cattle, even of the herd or of the flock.”
'מִכֶּם' ולא מהעכו"ם. וסופו של ספר, "דַּבֵּר אֶל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָמַרְתָּ אֲלֵהֶם אִישׁ כִּי יַפְלִא", וכן הוא אומר (תהלים קמז:יט) "מַגִּיד <דברו> דְּבָרָיו לְיַעֲקֹב חֻקָּיו וּמִשְׁפָּטָיו לְיִשְׂרָאֵל"
From you and not from the idolaters . And then end of the book of Leviticus, Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them: When a man shall clearly utter a vow “ And similarly the text sates “He declares His word unto Jacob, His statutes and His ordinances unto Israel. “
Said the Holy One, blessed be He, to Israel, ‘If you bring before me your valuations, I will consider it as if you offered your lives before Me.’ Therefore it says, When a man shall clearly utter a vow”
Said the Holy One, blessed be He, to Israel, in the merit of the valuations, I will save you from Gehenom.’ [Said to them the Holy One, blessed be He, to Israel, behold you evaluate yiourselves before me, I save you from Gehenom] As it says, “For a hearth is ordered of old; yea, for the king it is prepared, deep and large; the pile thereof is fire and much wood; the breath of the LORD, like a stream of brimstone, doth kindle it.”
And I will set a table before you that David said, “Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies; Thou hast anointed my head with oil; my cup runneth over.”
And so it should be, the end of the Book of Leviticus.
יום שישי, 13 במאי 2011
Behar בהר
My Musing
Tzedaka often mistranslated as charity is not something that is done voluntarily, rather it is an obligation, hence it is referred to as a mitzvah, a commandment. Charity, from the Greek ‘caritas’ means love and understanding of our fellow man. From that love is to evolve a sense of helping. But what happens when that love stops or wanes? Do we stop giving? Tzedakah which comes from the Hebrew “tzedek” justice means that we cannot stop nor shirk our responsibility even if we do not love or understand the other person.
מדרש תנחומא (ורשא) פרשת בהר סימן בTzedaka often mistranslated as charity is not something that is done voluntarily, rather it is an obligation, hence it is referred to as a mitzvah, a commandment. Charity, from the Greek ‘caritas’ means love and understanding of our fellow man. From that love is to evolve a sense of helping. But what happens when that love stops or wanes? Do we stop giving? Tzedakah which comes from the Hebrew “tzedek” justice means that we cannot stop nor shirk our responsibility even if we do not love or understand the other person.
(ויקרא כה:כה) "כִּי יָמוּךְ אָחִיךָ וּמָכַר מֵאֲחֻזָּתוֹ וּבָא גֹאֲלוֹ הַקָּרֹב אֵלָיו וְגָאַל אֵת מִמְכַּר אָחִיו"
If thy brother be waxen poor, and sell some of his land possession, then shall his kinsman that is next unto him come, and shall redeem that which his brother hath sold.
(ויקרא כה:לה) "וְכִי יָמוּךְ אָחִיךָ וּמָטָה יָדוֹ עִמָּךְ וְהֶחֱזַקְתָּ בּוֹ גֵּר וְתוֹשָׁב וָחַי עִמָּךְ"
And if thy brother be waxen poor, and his means fail with thee; then thou shalt uphold him: as a stranger and a settler shall he live with thee.
זה שאמר הכתוב (משלי כב:כב- כג) "אַל תִּגְזָל דָּל כִּי דַל הוּא וְאַל תְּדַכֵּא עָנִי בַשָּׁעַר. כִּי יְדֹוָד יָרִיב רִיבָם וְקָבַע אֶת קֹבְעֵיהֶם נָפֶשׁ"
This is what the Scripture said, "Rob not the poor, because he is poor, neither crush the poor in the gate; For the LORD will plead their cause, and despoil of life those that despoil them."
אמר הקדוש ברוך הוא,'"אַל תִּגְזָל דָּל כִּי דַל הוּא", שאני עשיתי אותו דל. מי שהוא גוזל אותו או מלעיג עליו, 'חֵרֵף עֹשֵׂהוּ', כאלו עלי הוא מלעיג.' שנאמר, (משלי יד:לא) "עֹשֵׁק דָּל חֵרֵף עֹשֵׂהוּ וּמְכַבְּדוֹ חֹנֵן אֶבְיוֹן"
Said the Holy One, blessed be He, "Rob not the poor, because he is poor", that I made him poor. And who so ever robs him or impugns him," blasphemes his Maker" it is as if he insults Me. As it says, "He that oppresses the poor blasphemes his Maker; but he that is gracious unto the needy honors Him.
מהו "אַל תִּגְזָל דָּל"? וכי יש אדם גוזל דלים? ומה גוזל ממנו אחר שאין לו כל? אלא אם היית למוד להיות מפרנסו וחזרת בך. ואמרת, 'עד מתי אני מספיק לזה?' ואת מונע שלא ליתן לו. אם עשית כך דע שאתה גוזלו. הוי "אַל תִּגְזָל דָּל כִּי דַל הוּא" אלא הוי מפרנסו שאין לו מקום אחר.
What is ""Rob not the poor"? And is there a person who would steal from the poor? What does one steal from one who has nothing? Rather, if you had taught him to be his supporter and you reneged. And you said, until when will I supply him? And you undertake not to give him. If you did this, know that you stole from him. That is ""Rob not the poor, because he is poor" rather be supportive of him because he does not have any other source.
"וְאַל תְּדַכֵּא עָנִי בַשָּׁעַר", שלא בשבילך אעצור את השמים שאף השמים יש להם שער, שנאמר, (בראשית כח:יז) "וַיִּירָא וַיֹּאמַר מַה נּוֹרָא הַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה אֵין זֶה כִּי אִם בֵּית אֱלֹקִים וְזֶה שַׁעַר הַשָּׁמָיִם""neither crush the poor in the gate;", that it was not because of you that I will stop the gates of the skies,for even the skies have a gate, as it says, " And he was awed, and said: 'How full of awe is this place! this is none other than the house of God, and this is the gate of heaven.'
"כִּי יְדֹוָד יָרִיב רִיבָם" רב אני אתך ריבם, שאני עשיתיו עני ולך עשיר. אם הופך אני מנגנין שלו, ואעשה אותו עשיר ולך עני, שנאמר, (משלי כב:ב) "עָשִׁיר וָרָשׁ נִפְגָּשׁוּ עֹשֵׂה כֻלָּם יְדֹוָד"
למה? "כִּי יְדֹוָד יָרִיב רִיבָם". כל כך למה? שנפשו אתה מחסרו אם אין אתה מפרנסו, לפיכך וְקָבַע אֶת קֹבְעֵיהֶם נָפֶשׁ".
"For the LORD will plead their cause", I argue with you their cause, that I made him poor and you rich. If I reverse his fortune and I make him rich and you poor, as it says, "The rich and the poor meet together--the LORD is the maker of them all."
Why? "For the LORD will plead their cause"/ All this why? That his life force you cause him to lose if you did not support him, therefore " and despoil of life those that despoil them."
יום שישי, 6 במאי 2011
Emor אמר
My Musing
This week's selection occupies itself with two questions- why enumerate the three animals rather than simply relate to the offering from cattle and why does an animal need to exist for a week, seven days, before being offered.
The midrash gives us the simple answer for the enumeration of three different offerings, the number begs us to map the animals to the Patriarchs. But the reason for seven days leads the midrash to an interesting analogy, the rules for humans are the same for animals.
Of course the analogy also begs a deeper question, are we also offering for God?
מדרש תנחומא (ורשא) פרשת אמור סימן יבThis week's selection occupies itself with two questions- why enumerate the three animals rather than simply relate to the offering from cattle and why does an animal need to exist for a week, seven days, before being offered.
The midrash gives us the simple answer for the enumeration of three different offerings, the number begs us to map the animals to the Patriarchs. But the reason for seven days leads the midrash to an interesting analogy, the rules for humans are the same for animals.
Of course the analogy also begs a deeper question, are we also offering for God?
(ויקרא כב:כז) "שׁוֹר אוֹ כֶשֶׂב אוֹ עֵז כִּי יִוָּלֵד וְהָיָה שִׁבְעַת יָמִים תַּחַת אִמּוֹ וּמִיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי וָהָלְאָה יֵרָצֶה לְקָרְבַּן אִשֶּׁה לַידֹוָד"
"When a bullock, or a sheep, or a goat, is brought forth, then it shall be seven days under the mother; but from the eighth day and thenceforth it may be accepted for an offering made by fire unto the LORD."
שור בזכות אברהם שנאמר (בראשית יח:ז) "וְאֶל הַבָּקָר רָץ אַבְרָהָם וַיִּקַּח בֶּן בָּקָר רַךְ וָטוֹב וַיִּתֵּן אֶל הַנַּעַר וַיְמַהֵר לַעֲשׂוֹת אֹתוֹ"כבש בזכות יצחק שנאמר (בראשית כב:יג) "וַיִּשָּׂא אַבְרָהָם אֶת עֵינָיו וַיַּרְא וְהִנֵּה אַיִל אַחַר נֶאֱחַז בַּסְּבַךְ בְּקַרְנָיו וַיֵּלֶךְ אַבְרָהָם וַיִּקַּח אֶת הָאַיִל וַיַּעֲלֵהוּ לְעֹלָה תַּחַת בְּנוֹ"
עז בזכות יעקב שנאמר (בראשית כז:ט) "לֶךְ נָא אֶל הַצֹּאן וְקַח לִי מִשָּׁם שְׁנֵי גְּדָיֵי עִזִּים טֹבִים וְאֶעֱשֶׂה אֹתָם מַטְעַמִּים לְאָבִיךָ כַּאֲשֶׁר אָהֵב"
The bull is in the merit of Abraham as it says, " And Abraham ran unto the herd, and fetched a calf tender and good, and gave it unto the servant; and he hastened to prepare it."
The sheep is in the merit of Isaac as it says, " And Abraham lifted up his eyes, and looked, and behold behind him a ram caught in the thicket by his horns. And Abraham went and took the ram, and offered him up for a burnt-offering in the stead of his son."
The goat is in the merit of Jacob as it says, " Go now to the flock, and fetch me from thence two good kids of the goats; and I will make them savory food for thy father, such as he loves;"
מהו "טֹבִים"?, רבי ברכיה בשם רבי חלבו אמר, 'טובים לך שעל ידיהם אתה מקבל הברכות, וטובים לבניך שעל ידיהן מתכפר לבניך ביום הכיפורים' שנאמר, (ויקרא טז:ל) "כִּי בַיּוֹם הַזֶּה יְכַפֵּר עֲלֵיכֶם לְטַהֵר אֶתְכֶם מִכֹּל חַטֹּאתֵיכֶם לִפְנֵי יְדֹוָד תִּטְהָרוּ"The sheep is in the merit of Isaac as it says, " And Abraham lifted up his eyes, and looked, and behold behind him a ram caught in the thicket by his horns. And Abraham went and took the ram, and offered him up for a burnt-offering in the stead of his son."
The goat is in the merit of Jacob as it says, " Go now to the flock, and fetch me from thence two good kids of the goats; and I will make them savory food for thy father, such as he loves;"
What is "two good kids"? Rabbi Berachai in the name of Rabbi Chalbo said, good for you that by their agency you receive the blessings and good for your children that by their agency they will receive atonement as it says, " For on this day shall atonement be made for you, to cleanse you; from all your sins shall ye be clean before the LORD."
"וְהָיָה שִׁבְעַת יָמִים תַּחַת אִמּוֹ", רבי יהושע דסכנין בשם רבי לוי אומר משל למלך שהיה נכנס למדינה והוציא כרוז ואמר כל אכסניין שיש כאן לא יראו פני עד שיראו פני מטרונה תחילה. כך אמר הקדוש ברוך הוא לישראל, 'בני, לא תביאו לפני קרבן עד שתעבור עליו השבת', שאין שבעה בלא שבת. ואין מילה בלא שבת.
אמר רבי יצחק, 'משפט אדם ומשפט בהמה, משפט אדם (ויקרא יב:ג) "וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי יִמּוֹל בְּשַׂר עָרְלָתוֹ" ומשפט בהמה "וּמִיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי וָהָלְאָה יֵרָצֶה לְקָרְבַּן אִשֶּׁה לַידֹוָד".
" then it shall be seven days under the mother", Rabbi Joshua of Sikhnin in the name of Rabbi Levi said it is analogous to a king who visits a new country and issues a proclamation and says 'all newcomers that are here will not see my face until they see my matron first.' Similarly said the Holy One blessed be He, to Israel, 'my sons, do not bring before me a sacrifice until it passes a Shabbat', since there is no seven without Shabbat. And there is no circumcision without a Shabbat.
Said Rabbi Yitzchak, the law for humankind is the law for animals. The law of man, "And in the eighth day the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised." And the law of the animal " but from the eighth day and thenceforth it may be accepted for an offering made by fire unto the LORD."
יום שישי, 29 באפריל 2011
Kedoshim קדושים
My Musing
With parshat kedoshim coming on the eve of Yom HaShoah it is tempting to find a midrash about the idea of dying al pi Kiddush Hashem, dying for the sanctification of the Name. But I found this midrash which helps us frame the nature of the gift of Eretz Yisrael celebrated by Yom Ha’atzmaut which comes on the heels of Yom Hashoah .
מדרש תנחומא (ורשא) פרשת קדושים סימן יאWith parshat kedoshim coming on the eve of Yom HaShoah it is tempting to find a midrash about the idea of dying al pi Kiddush Hashem, dying for the sanctification of the Name. But I found this midrash which helps us frame the nature of the gift of Eretz Yisrael celebrated by Yom Ha’atzmaut which comes on the heels of Yom Hashoah .
דבר אחר (ויקרא יט:כג) "וְכִי תָבֹאוּ אֶל הָאָרֶץ וּנְטַעְתֶּם כָּל עֵץ מַאֲכָל וַעֲרַלְתֶּם עָרְלָתוֹ אֶת פִּרְיוֹ שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים יִהְיֶה לָכֶם עֲרֵלִים לֹא יֵאָכֵל" זה שאמר הכתוב (תהלים קה:מד-מה) "וַיִּתֵּן לָהֶם אַרְצוֹת גּוֹיִם וַעֲמַל לְאֻמִּים יִירָשׁוּ. בַּעֲבוּר יִשְׁמְרוּ חֻקָּיו וְתוֹרֹתָיו יִנְצֹרוּ הַלְלוּ יָהּ"
Another idea. “And when ye shall come into the land, and shall have planted all manner of trees for food, then ye shall count the fruit thereof as forbidden; three years shall it be as forbidden unto you; it shall not be eaten.” This is what the scriptures said “And He gave them the lands of the nations, and they took the labor of the peoples in possession; That they might keep His statutes, and observe His laws. Hallelujah.”
“And He gave them the lands of the nations”, all that was taken by the Holy One, blessed be He, from the idolaters He gave to Israel; lands of gold and silver, fields, vineyards and cities. And He did not give all of this to them, except to enable them to occupy themselves with Torah. As it says, “That they might keep His statutes, and observe His laws. Hallelujah.”
והם לא עשו כן, אלא (יחזקאל לו:יז) "בֶּן אָדָם בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל יֹשְׁבִים עַל אַדְמָתָם וַיְטַמְּאוּ אוֹתָהּ [אותם] בְּדַרְ
טמאו אותן בחרמו של עכן שכך כתיב, (ירמיהו ב:ז) "וָאָבִיא אֶתְכֶם אֶל אֶרֶץ הַכַּרְמֶל לֶאֱכֹל פִּרְיָהּ וְטוּבָהּ וַתָּבֹאוּ וַתְּטַמְּאוּ אֶת אַרְצִי וְנַחֲלָתִי שַׂמְתֶּם לְתוֹעֵבָה"
" וַתְּטַמְּאוּ אֶת אַרְצִי" בחרם עכן, "וְנַחֲלָתִי שַׂמְתֶּם לְתוֹעֵבָה" בצלם מיכה.
But they did not do this, rather, 'Son of man, when the house of Israel dwelt in their own land, they defiled it by their way and by their doings; their way before Me was as the uncleanness of a woman in her impurity.”
They defiled it in the incident with Achan who caused Jericho to be sealed off, as it is written, “And I brought you into a land of fruitful fields, to eat the fruit thereof and the good thereof; but when ye entered, ye defiled My land, and made My heritage an abomination.”
“ye defiled My land” with the desecration of Achan, “and made My heritage an abomination.” With the image that Micah erected.
היו זורעין ויגעין ואומות העולם באין ונוטלין שנאמר, (שופטים ו:ג-ד)"וְהָיָה אִם זָרַע יִשְׂרָאֵל וְעָלָה מִדְיָן וַעֲמָלֵק וּבְנֵי קֶדֶם וְעָלוּ עָלָיו. וַיַּחֲנוּ עֲלֵיהֶם וַיַּשְׁחִיתוּ אֶת יְבוּל הָאָרֶץ עַד בּוֹאֲךָ עַזָּה וְלֹא יַשְׁאִירוּ מִחְיָה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וְשֶׂה וָשׁוֹר וַחֲמוֹר"
And what did the Holy One, blessed be He do to them? He exiled them from it. As it says, “and the LORD rooted them out of their land in anger, and in wrath, and in great indignation, and cast them into another land, as it is this day'.” What is “Vayitshem ‘rooted them out’, weakened their strength.
They would plant, and toil and the nations of the world would come and take their produce, as it says, “And so it was, when Israel had sown, that the Midianites came up, and the Amalekites, and the children of the east; they came up against them; and they encamped against them, and destroyed the produce of the earth, till thou come unto Gaza, and left no sustenance in Israel, neither sheep, nor ox, nor ass.”
וכשיעשו תשובה (ישעיהו סה:כב) "לֹא יִבְנוּ וְאַחֵר יֵשֵׁב לֹא יִטְּעוּ וְאַחֵר יֹאכֵל כִּי כִימֵי הָעֵץ יְמֵי עַמִּי וּמַעֲשֵׂה יְדֵיהֶם יְבַלּוּ בְחִירָי:They would plant, and toil and the nations of the world would come and take their produce, as it says, “And so it was, when Israel had sown, that the Midianites came up, and the Amalekites, and the children of the east; they came up against them; and they encamped against them, and destroyed the produce of the earth, till thou come unto Gaza, and left no sustenance in Israel, neither sheep, nor ox, nor ass.”
למה? שהן נוטעין ואין נותשים שנאמר (עמוס ט:טו) "וּנְטַעְתִּים עַל אַדְמָתָם וְלֹא יִנָּתְשׁוּ עוֹד ֵעַל אַדְמָתָם אֲשֶׁר נָתַתִּי לָהֶם אָמַר יְדֹוָד אֱלֹקֶיךָ"
And when they do teshuva “They shall not build, and another inhabit, they shall not plant, and another eat; for as the days of a tree shall be the days of My people, and Mine elect shall long enjoy the work of their hands.”
Why? Because they plant but do not reap as it says “And I will plant them upon their land, and they shall no more be plucked up out of their land which I have given them, says the LORD thy God.”
יום ראשון, 24 באפריל 2011
Shabbat Chol Hamoed and Seventh day of Pesach שבת חול המועד שביעי של פסח
My Musing
In searching for a connection between Pesach and Shir Hashirim, I came across this part of a midrash about the song at the Yam Suf. The excerpt at the end which uses a verse from Shir Hashirim is telling for two reasons; one it follows the shift in the Holiday that the rabbis instituted to focus on the future redemption and two because it demonstrates that chazal used allegory to understand the verses of Shir Hashirim way before the modern day commentary which is reluctant t literally translate the work.
מדרש תנחומא (ורשא) פרשת בשלח סימן יIn searching for a connection between Pesach and Shir Hashirim, I came across this part of a midrash about the song at the Yam Suf. The excerpt at the end which uses a verse from Shir Hashirim is telling for two reasons; one it follows the shift in the Holiday that the rabbis instituted to focus on the future redemption and two because it demonstrates that chazal used allegory to understand the verses of Shir Hashirim way before the modern day commentary which is reluctant t literally translate the work.
(שמות טו:א) "אָז יָשִׁיר מֹשֶׁה וּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת הַשִּׁירָה הַזֹּאת לַידֹוָד וַיֹּאמְרוּ לֵאמֹר אָשִׁירָה לַידֹוָד כִּי גָאֹה גָּאָה סוּס וְרֹכְבוֹ רָמָה בַיָּם"
(שמות יד:לא) "וַיַּרְא יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת הַיָּד הַגְּדֹלָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה יְדֹוָד בְּמִצְרַיִם וַיִּירְאוּ הָעָם אֶת יְדֹוָד וַיַּאֲמִינוּ בַּידֹוָד וּבְמֹשֶׁה עַבְדּוֹ"
"Then sang Moses and the children of Israel this song unto the LORD, and spoke, saying: I will sing unto the LORD, for He is highly exalted; the horse and his rider hath He thrown into the sea."
"And Israel saw the great work which the LORD did upon the Egyptians, and the people feared the LORD; and they believed in the LORD, and in His servant Moses."
"And Israel saw the great work which the LORD did upon the Egyptians, and the people feared the LORD; and they believed in the LORD, and in His servant Moses."
לפיכך זכו לירש את הארץ. אתה מוצא בשכר אמנה שהאמין אברהם אבינו בה' ירש העולם הזה והעןלם הבא, שנאמר (בראשית טו:ו) "וְהֶאֱמִן בַּידֹוָד וַיַּחְשְׁבֶהָ לּוֹ צְדָקָה"
וכן (שמות ד:לא) "וַיַּאֲמֵן הָעָם וַיִּשְׁמְעוּ כִּי פָקַד יְדֹוָד אֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְכִי רָאָה אֶת עָנְיָם וַיִּקְּדוּ וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲווּ" וכתיב (תהלים לא:כד) "אֶהֱבוּ אֶת יְדֹוָד כָּל חֲסִידָיו אֱמוּנִים נֹצֵר יְדֹוָד וּמְשַׁלֵּם עַל יֶתֶר עֹשֵׂה גַאֲוָה"
וכן במשה (שמות יז:יב) "וִידֵי מֹשֶׁה כְּבֵדִים וַיִּקְחוּ אֶבֶן וַיָּשִׂימוּ תַחְתָּיו וַיֵּשֶׁב עָלֶיהָ וְאַהֲרֹן וְחוּר תָּמְכוּ בְיָדָיו מִזֶּה אֶחָד וּמִזֶּה אֶחָד וַיְהִי יָדָיו אֱמוּנָה עַד בֹּא הַשָּׁמֶשׁ" ואומר (תהלים קיח:כ) "זֶה הַשַּׁעַר לַידֹוָד צַדִּיקִים יָבֹאוּ בוֹ"
Therefore they merited to inherit the land. You find that it was reward for their faith that Abraham our father believed in God that we inherited this world and the world to come, as it says, "And he believed in the LORD; and He counted it to him for righteousness." And similarly, "And the people believed; and when they heard that the LORD had remembered the children of Israel, and that He had seen their affliction, then they bowed their heads and worshipped"
And it is written, "O love the LORD, all ye His godly ones; the LORD preserveth the faithful, and plentifully repayeth him that acteth haughtily." And so with Moshe, "But Moses' hands were heavy; and they took a stone, and put it under him, and he sat thereon; and Aaron and Hur stayed up his hands, the one on the one side, and the other on the other side; and his hands were steady until the going down of the sun." and it says, "This is the gate of the LORD; the righteous shall enter into it."
אלו בעלי אמנה שנאמר (ישעיהו כו:ב) "פִּתְחוּ שְׁעָרִים וְיָבֹא גוֹי צַדִּיק שֹׁמֵר אֱמֻנִים" השער הזה בעלי אמנה נכנסין בו שנאמר (תהלים צב:ב- ג) "טוֹב לְהֹדוֹת לַידֹוָד וּלְזַמֵּר לְשִׁמְךָ עֶלְיוֹן. לְהַגִּיד בַּבֹּקֶר חַסְדֶּךָ וֶאֱמוּנָתְךָ בַּלֵּילוֹת"
מה כתיב בתריה? (תהלים צב:ה) "כִּי שִׂמַּחְתַּנִי יְדֹוָד בְּפָעֳלֶךָ בְּמַעֲשֵׂי יָדֶיךָ אֲרַנֵּן"
מי גרם לנו לשמחה זו? אמנה שהאמינו אבותינו בעולם הזה שכולו לילות כדכתיב " וֶאֱמוּנָתְךָ בַּלֵּילוֹת" וכתיב (חבקוק ב:ד) "הִנֵּה עֻפְּלָה לֹא יָשְׁרָה נַפְשׁוֹ בּוֹ וְצַדִּיק בֶּאֱמוּנָתוֹ יִחְיֶה" וכתיב (איכה ג:כג) "חֲדָשִׁים לַבְּקָרִים רַבָּה אֱמוּנָתֶךָ"
These are the masters of faith as it says, "Open ye the gates, that the righteous nation that keepeth faithfulness may enter in." this gate is where the masters of faith enter as it says, "It is a good thing to give thanks unto the LORD, and to sing praises unto Thy name, O Most High; To declare Thy lovingkindness in the morning, and Thy faithfulness in the night seasons,"
What is written after? "For Thou, LORD, hast made me glad through Thy work; I will exult in the works of Thy hands."
Who caused this great joy? Faith that the patriarchs believed in this world that is totally night as it written, "in the night" and it is written, "Behold, his soul is puffed up, it is not upright in him; but the righteous shall live by his faith." And it is written, "They are new every morning; great is Thy faithfulness"
ואין הגליות עתידות להגאל אלא בשכר אמנה שנאמר (שיר השירים ד:ח) "אִתִּי מִלְּבָנוֹן כַּלָּה אִתִּי מִלְּבָנוֹן תָּבוֹאִי תָּשׁוּרִי מֵרֹאשׁ אֲמָנָה מֵרֹאשׁ שְׂנִיר וְחֶרְמוֹן מִמְּעֹנוֹת אֲרָיוֹת מֵהַרְרֵי נְמֵרִים"
ואומר ( הושע ב:כב) "וְאֵרַשְׂתִּיךְ לִי בֶּאֱמוּנָה וְיָדַעַתְּ אֶת יְדֹוָד"
הא למדת שגדולה אמנה, שבשכר אמנה שרתה עליהם שכינה ואמרו שירה שנאמר " וַיַּאֲמִינוּ בַּידֹוָד" "אָז יָשִׁיר מֹשֶׁה", ואומר (תהלים קו:יב) "וַיַּאֲמִינוּ בִדְבָרָיו יָשִׁירוּ תְּהִלָּתוֹ"
And the exiles will be redeemed only with the reward of their faith as it is written, "Come with me from Lebanon, my bride, with me from Lebanon; look from the top of Amana, from the top of Senir and Hermon, from the lions' dens, from the mountains of the leopards." And it says, "And I will betroth thee unto Me in faithfulness; and thou shalt know the LORD"
Behold you learn that faith is great that in the reward for their faith the Divine Presence came to them and they sang as it says, " and they believed in the LORD" and " Then sang" and it says, " Then believed they His words; they sang His praise"
יום שישי, 15 באפריל 2011
Acharei Mot אחרי מות
My Musing This week’s midrash makes us look hard at our current state of affairs. And it seems to be the Religious Zionist’s awakening, albeit it was being studied in the middle ages and was written centuries ago. First it asks to appreciate how lost we are without the Beit Hamikdash, the Temple, and Jerusalem. Then it offers us some consolation in that the study of Torah can also achieve the results of the sacrifices,
מדרש תנחומא (ורשא) פרשת אחרי מות סימן י (ויקרא יז:ג) "אִישׁ אִישׁ מִבֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁחַט שׁוֹר אוֹ כֶשֶׂב אוֹ עֵז בַּמַּחֲנֶה אוֹ אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁחַט מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה" What man soever there be of the house of Israel, that slaughters an ox, or lamb, or goat, in the camp, or that slaughters it without the camp,
זה שאמר הכתוב (תהלים נא:כ,כא) "הֵיטִיבָה בִרְצוֹנְךָ אֶת צִיּוֹן תִּבְנֶה חוֹמוֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָם. אָז תַּחְפֹּץ זִבְחֵי צֶדֶק עוֹלָה וְכָלִיל אָז יַעֲלוּ עַל מִזְבַּחֲךָ פָרִים" משל, למה הדבר דומה? לעשיר גדול וחזק, ואין לו אשה; אין ביתו בית. למה? כשהסריסים באים הוא אומר לכו לחנות במקום אחר. למה? שאין לו בית ולא אשה. נטל אשה, היה אומר להם, 'מכאן ואילך, כל מה שאתם מביאים לי העלו אותן לבית'. כך, כל ימים עד שלא העמיד משה אהל מועד, היו הקרבנות קרבין בכל מקום. שנאמר (שמות כד:ה) "וַיִּשְׁלַח אֶת נַעֲרֵי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיַּעֲלוּ עֹלֹת וַיִּזְבְּחוּ זְבָחִים שְׁלָמִים לַידֹוָד פָּרִים" That is what the scriptures said, “Do good in Thy favour unto Zion; build Thou the walls of Jerusalem. Then wilt Thou delight in the sacrifices of righteousness, in burnt-offering and whole offering; then will they offer bullocks upon Thine altar.” This is analogous, to what is this similar? To a rich man, strong and powerful but he does not have a wife, his house is not a home. Why? When the palace guards come, he says, go camp in another place. Why? Because he does not have a real house nor a wife. Once he takes a wife, he would say to them, from here on, everything you bring me bring it to my house. Similarly, all the days until Moshe erected the Sanctuary, sacrifices were offered all over. As it says, “And he sent the young men of the children of Israel, who offered burnt-offerings, and sacrificed peace-offerings of oxen unto the LORD.”
וכן הוא אומר (שמות ח:כג) "דֶּרֶךְ שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים נֵלֵךְ בַּמִּדְבָּר וְזָבַחְנוּ לַידֹוָד אֱלֹהֵינוּ כַּאֲשֶׁר יֹאמַר אֵלֵינוּ" כיון שהוקם המשכן אמר לו הקדוש ברוך הוא למשה, 'אמור להם מכאן ואילך אין אתם רשאים להקריב קרבנות אלא באהל מועד. שם היו מעלין את הדורון להקדוש ברוך הוא. שכן כתיב (דברים יב:יג-יד) "הִשָּׁמֶר לְךָ פֶּן תַּעֲלֶה עֹלֹתֶיךָ בְּכָל מָקוֹם אֲשֶׁר תִּרְאֶה. כִּי אִם בַּמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יִבְחַר יְדֹוָד בְּאַחַד שְׁבָטֶיךָ שָׁם תַּעֲלֶה עֹלֹתֶיךָ וְשָׁם תַּעֲשֶׂה כֹּל אֲשֶׁר אָנֹכִי מְצַוֶּךָּ" And similarly it says, “We will go three days' journey into the wilderness, and sacrifice to the LORD our God, as He shall command us.” Since the sanctuary was erected, said the Holy One, blessed be He, to Moshe, ‘ Say to them, from now on you are not permitted to offer sacrifices except in the Tent of Meeting. There they offered the gift to the Holy One, blessed be He. As it is written, “Take heed to thyself that thou offer not thy burnt-offerings in every place that thou seest; but in the place which the LORD shall choose in one of thy tribes, there thou shalt offer thy burnt-offerings, and there thou shalt do all that I command thee.”
היכן בחר? בירושלים. שנאמר (תהלים קלב:יג) "כִּי בָחַר יְדֹוָד בְּצִיּוֹן אִוָּהּ לְמוֹשָׁב לוֹ" לפיכך, משה מזהיר את ישראל ואומר להם "אִישׁ אִישׁ מִבֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁחַט שׁוֹר אוֹ כֶשֶׂב וגו'" (ויקרא יז:ד) "וְאֶל פֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד לֹא הֱבִיאוֹ לְהַקְרִיב קָרְבָּן לַידֹוָד לִפְנֵי מִשְׁכַּן יְדֹוָד דָּם יֵחָשֵׁב לָאִישׁ הַהוּא דָּם שָׁפָךְ וְנִכְרַת הָאִישׁ הַהוּא מִקֶּרֶב עַמּוֹ" Where was chosen? Jerusalem. As it says, For the LORD hath chosen Zion; He hath desired it for His habitation: Therefore, Moshe warned Israel and said to them, “What man soever there be of the house of Israel, that slaughters an ox, or lamb, or goat, in the camp” “and hath not brought it unto the door of the tent of meeting, to present it as an offering unto the LORD before the tabernacle of the LORD, blood shall be imputed unto that man; he hath shed blood; and that man shall be cut off from among his people.”
צפה הקדוש ברוך הוא שבית המקדש עתיד ליחרב. ואמר הקדוש ברוך הוא לישראל, 'כל זמן שבית המקדש קיים ואתם מקריבין קרבנות לתוכו מתכפר עליכם. ובזמן שאין בית המקדש קיים במה מתכפר עליכם? התעסקו בדברי תורה, שהן משולין כקרבנות והן מתכפרין עליכם. שנאמר, (ויקרא ט:ו) "וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְדֹוָד תַּעֲשׂוּ וְיֵרָא אֲלֵיכֶם כְּבוֹד יְדֹוָד" וכן הנביא אומר (הושע יד:ג) "קְחוּ עִמָּכֶם דְּבָרִים וְשׁוּבוּ אֶל יְדֹוָד אִמְרוּ אֵלָיו כָּל תִּשָּׂא עָוֹן וְקַח טוֹב וּנְשַׁלְּמָה פָרִים שְׂפָתֵינוּ" בכל הקרבנות נמשלו דברי תורה. The Holy One, blessed be He, foresaw the future destruction of the Temple. And said the Holy One, blessed be He, ‘as long as the Temple is standing and you offer sacrifices in it, you will be atoned for. And when the Temple is no longer standing, what will atone for you? Occupy yourselves with words of Torah, as these are analogous to sacrifices and they will atone for you. As it says, “And Moses said: 'This is the thing which the LORD commanded that ye should do; that the glory of the LORD may appear unto you.'” And similarly the prophet said, “Take with you words, and return unto the LORD; say unto Him: 'Forgive all iniquity, and accept that which is good; so will we render for bullocks the offering of our lips.” All the sacrifices are considered analogues to words of Torah
מקריבין יין נסך על גבי המזבח שנאמר (במדבר טו:ה) "וְיַיִן לַנֶּסֶךְ רְבִיעִית הַהִין תַּעֲשֶׂה עַל הָעֹלָה אוֹ לַזָּבַח לַכֶּבֶשׂ הָאֶחָד" נמשלה דברי תורה ליין שנאמר (משלי ט:ה) "לְכוּ לַחֲמוּ בְלַחֲמִי וּשְׁתוּ בְּיַיִן מָסָכְתִּי" מקריבים לחם על גבי המזבח שנאמר (במדבר כח:ב) "צַו אֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָמַרְתָּ אֲלֵהֶם אֶת קָרְבָּנִי לַחְמִי לְאִשַּׁי רֵיחַ נִיחֹחִי תִּשְׁמְרוּ לְהַקְרִיב לִי בְּמוֹעֲדוֹ" וכן הוא אומר (שמות כה:ל) "וְנָתַתָּ עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן לֶחֶם פָּנִים לְפָנַי תָּמִיד" נמשלה תורה ללחם שנאמר (משלי ט:ה) "לְכוּ לַחֲמוּ בְלַחֲמִי וּשְׁתוּ בְּיַיִן מָסָכְתִּי" מקריבים על גבי המזבח שמן שנאמר (ויקרא ב:ה) "וְאִם מִנְחָה עַל הַמַּחֲבַת קָרְבָּנֶךָ סֹלֶת בְּלוּלָה בַשֶּׁמֶן מַצָּה תִהְיֶה" נמשלה תורה לשמן שנאמר (קהלת ט:ח) "בְּכָל עֵת יִהְיוּ בְגָדֶיךָ לְבָנִים וְשֶׁמֶן עַל רֹאשְׁךָ אַל יֶחְסָר" We offer libations of wine on the altar as it says, “and wine for the drink-offering, the fourth part of a hin, shalt thou prepare with the burnt-offering or for the sacrifice, for each lamb” The words of Torah were considered similar to wine as it says, “'Come, eat of my bread, and drink of the wine which I have mingled” We offer bread on the altar as it says, “Command the children of Israel, and say unto them: My food which is presented unto Me for offerings made by fire, of a sweet savour unto Me, shall ye observe to offer unto Me in its due season” and similarly it says, And thou shalt set upon the table showbread before Me always” The Torah is analogous to bread as it says, “'Come, eat of my bread, and drink of the wine which I have mingled” We offer oil on the altar, as it says, And if thy offering be a meal-offering baked on a griddle, it shall be of fine flour unleavened, mingled with oil.” And the Torah is compared to oil as it says, Let thy garments be always white; and let thy head lack no oil”
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