יום שישי, 20 ביוני 2008

Sh'lach

Sh’lach – my musing

This midrash seems to have a problem with the scorecard. The opening quote is the command to Moses to choose men to spy the land. Yet the exposition calls upon a verse from Psalms that the midrash applies to both Aaron and Moses. The verse describes the brave hearted being looted and falling into a deep sleep and then the warriors not finding their hands. The midrash’s application of this verse is to illustrate the feeling of helplessness that beset Moses and Aaron when faced with the spies’ report. The difficulty lies in that Moses gives the command alone and yet Aaron is taken to task along with him.

The midrash continues the narrative with credit given to Kalev for quieting the people. The verse brought to illustrate this indicates that Kalev took command of the situation because the people were not listening.
One would expect Joshua, Moses’ devoted student, to take a stand, even if he would act as he did last week when he demanded that Moses stop the unauthorized prophesying of Eldad and Meidad, yet he is conspicuously missing from the midrash’s version of the event. The midrash is venerating Kalev, even demonstrating that he had the trust of the group. Was Kalev being groomed for leadership as well?


מדרש תנחומא (ורשא) פרשת שלח סימן ב

במדבר פרק יג
א) וַיְדַבֵּר יְדֹוָד אֶל מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹר:
ב) שְׁלַח לְךָ אֲנָשִׁים וְיָתֻרוּ אֶת אֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן אֲשֶׁר אֲנִי נֹתֵן לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אִישׁ אֶחָד אִישׁ אֶחָד לְמַטֵּה אֲבֹתָיו תִּשְׁלָחוּ כֹּל נָשִׂיא בָהֶם:
ג) וַיִּשְׁלַח אֹתָם מֹשֶׁה מִמִּדְבַּר פָּארָן עַל פִּי יְדֹוָד כֻּלָּם אֲנָשִׁים רָאשֵׁי בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הֵמָּה:

"שְׁלַח לְךָ אֲנָשִׁים"
זה שאמר הכתוב (תהלים עו:ו) "אֶשְׁתּוֹלְלוּ אַבִּירֵי לֵב נָמוּ שְׁנָתָם וְלֹא מָצְאוּ כָל אַנְשֵׁי חַיִל יְדֵיהֶם"
This is what the scripture meant by “the brave hearts were looted, they fell into sleep, and the warriors did not find their hands”

"אֶשְׁתּוֹלְלוּ אַבִּירֵי לֵב" אלו משה ואהרן ששלחו המרגלים ובאו ואמרו לשון הרע על הארץ ולא היו יודעין מה לעשות, אלא אף משה ואהרן נתרשלו ידם.
מיד עמד כלב ושתק כל אותן האוכלסין, שנאמר (במדבר יג:ל) "וַיַּהַס כָּלֵב אֶת הָעָם אֶל מֹשֶׁה וַיֹּאמֶר עָלֹה נַעֲלֶה וְיָרַשְׁנוּ אֹתָהּ כִּי יָכוֹל נוּכַל לָה"ּ
עמד לו על הספסל והיה משתקן ואומר הסו הסו והם שותקין לשמוע ממנו.
אמר להן: (במדבר פרק יד:ו-ז)"וִיהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן נוּן וְכָלֵב בֶּן יְפֻנֶּה מִן הַתָּרִים אֶת הָאָרֶץ קָרְעוּ בִּגְדֵיהֶם"
"וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֶל כָּל עֲדַת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵאמֹר הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר עָבַרְנוּ בָהּ לָתוּר אֹתָהּ טוֹבָה הָאָרֶץ מְאֹד מְאֹד"
The midrash identifies the brave hearted who got looted and were incapable to formulate a response as Moshe and Aaron who sent the spies. These spies returned and maligned the land and no one knew what to do. Even Moshe and Aaron “threw their hands up”.
Immediately, Calev stood up and quieted the masses. As it says, “Calev quieted down the nation to Moshe and said Let us go up and inherit the land because we can accomplish this”
He stood on the bench and said, quiet, quiet, and they stopped talking to hear him. He said “the land is very very good”
אמר לו הקדוש ברוך הוא למשה: טובה גדולה אני מחזיק לכלב שנאמר (דברים א:לו) " זוּלָתִי כָּלֵב בֶּן יְפֻנֶּה הוּא יִרְאֶנָּה וְלוֹ אֶתֵּן אֶת הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר דָּרַךְ בָּהּ וּלְבָנָיו יַעַן אֲשֶׁר מִלֵּא אַחֲרֵי יְדֹוָד"
The Holy One Blessed be He said to Moshe: I will extend to Calev a great good, as it says, except for Calev the son of Yephuneh, he will see it ans I will give him the land that he tread upon and to his children in that he completely followed after Me”
מהו " זוּלָתִי"?
זה לזה אותי יתר ויתר מששים מכם. אתם לא מצאתם ידיכם אלא נתרשלתם, לכן נאמר "אֶשְׁתּוֹלְלוּ אַבִּירֵי לֵב".
What is the meaning “except”?
This one to me more than any other even more than sixty of you. You (Moshe and Aaron) did not find your hands, but you despaired, therefore it says, “the brave hearts were looted”.
כל כך למה?
לפי שהיו שלוחים טפשין, עליהם אמר שלמה (משלי כו:ו)" מְקַצֶּה רַגְלַיִם חָמָס שֹׁתֶה שֹׁלֵחַ דְּבָרִים בְּיַד כְּסִיל "
Why so much?
Because they sent simpletons (silly ones). Of them Solomon said “Like cutting off the feet or drinking violence, that is smilar to sending a message in the hand of a fool”

תגובה 1:

tzviklugerman אמר/ה...

With Tanhuma you can look at each siman separately or work them in couplets and triads. Siman aleph has a whole exposition on why Calev is unique in that he becomes the paradigm for a shliach mitzvah and it derives this from the teaching that Calev was one of the 2 spies sent by Joshua (as read in the haftara of this Torah reading). Siman aleph goes to great tangential lengths to prove that the other of the two spies did not have to risk his life as Calev did. It then flows into the second siman, which clearly is of the next generation of tanhuma darshanim, where Calev is given great mention and honor because he rose up to counter the nation when Moshe and Aaron (and Yehoshua) threw up their hands in despair. Coming on the tails of the first siman it follows that this willingness to risk his life was evident early on in the first episode with the spies of Moshe.